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New Zealand Seven Station series audit

New Zealand raw temperature fraction audit


Within the Seven Station series of records maintained by the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) in New Zealand, 25.5% of all raw temperatures were logged as a whole .0 Fahrenheit integer before Celsius metrication on 1 July 1971.

This compares with 16.2% in New Zealand's Eleven Station series, 30% in Australia's ACORN-SAT dataset and 31.04% in Australia's HQ dataset series of all temperatures recorded as .0 Fahrenheit before Celsius metrication in September 1972. The correct proportion should be around 10%.

Combined, New Zealand's Seven and Eleven Station series totalled 22% of Fahrenheit temperatures recorded before July 1971 as .0F.


Metrication and rounded temperature influence

In technical manuals released with Australia's ACORN-SAT temperature dataset published in March 2011, the Bureau of Meteorology states that tests show metrication in 1972 caused a .1C warming breakpoint that year, the precise anomaly unknown and unadjusted due to cool La Nina weather conditions from 1973 to 1977 which masked the data influence of Celsius conversion.

This audit shows Fahrenheit .0 rounding patterns in New Zealand similar to audit results in Australia, suggesting a common unrecognised and unadjusted anomaly in countries which have converted their temperature scales from Fahrenheit to Celsius since the 1960s.

It is not known if the BoM's testing paramaters which establish a 1972 metrication warming anomaly around .1C in Australia are applicable to New Zealand's temperature records, which show similar whole degree rounding patterns caused by weather station observers not recording fractions in the Fahrenheit era and software communication errors in the Celsius era.


Seven Station series

The Seven Station series, adjustments for which were re-analysed by the NIWA in 2010, estimates New Zealand's average annual temperature has increased by 1C since 1909.

The Seven Station series homogenises temperature records at seven locations which are geographically representative of New Zealand, and the 25 stations audited are:


Auckland stations - Mangere 1945, Albert Park 1427, Auckland Aero 1962, Mangere EWS 22719

Masterton stations - Waingawa 2473, East Taratahi AWS 2612, Martinborough EWS 21938

Wellington stations - Kelburn 3385, Kelburn AWS 25354

Nelson stations - Nelson 4244, Appleby 4239, Appleby EWS 12755, Nelson Aero 4241, Appleby 2 EWS 21937

Hokitika stations - Hokitika Town 3907, Hokitika Southside 37939, Hokitika Aero 3909

Lincoln stations - Lincoln 4881, Broadfield EDL 4882, Broadfield EWS 17603

Dunedin stations - Leith Valley 5380, Botanical Gardens 5375, Beta Street 5379, Musselburgh 5402, Musselburgh EWS 15752


Data from these different stations in seven locations are merged by the NIWA to create an adjusted average temperature trend.

Weather stations named in the Seven Station series which are not included in this audit due to lack of accessible raw temperature data are Knowles Observatory 3383, Bowen St 3389, Bolton St Cemetery 3390, Buckle St 3431 and Thorndon 3391, all in the Wellington station composite.

In total, the audited Seven Station dataset includes 347,261 minimum and maximum Fahrenheit temperatures recorded at 25 weather stations before July 1971 and 289,014 minimum and maximum Celsius temperatures recorded at all stations from 1 July 1971 to 31 December 2011, totalling 636,275 recordings.


Revised 2010 Seven Station series

The revised 2010 series does not use data prior to 1900 whereas the original Seven Station series published in the 1980s starts with data from 1853, although both result in similar temperature trends. It is the available full length temperature records beginning in the 1800s that are audited in this presentation.

There are four weather stations in this audit including temperatures from before 1900 - Nelson 4244, Hokitika Town 3907, Lincoln 4881 and Leith Valley 5380.

If all temperatures before 1900 at these four stations are deleted from the audit, 25.0% of all New Zealand Fahrenheit temperatures before 1971 were recorded as whole .0F degrees in the revised 2010 Seven Station series.

With pre-1900 temperatures deleted from the four stations, there are 306,503 Fahrenheit temperatures recorded before July 1971 and 289,014 Celsius temperatures recorded from 1 July 1971 to 31 December 2011, totalling 595,517 temperature recordings.

See fraction distribution excluding pre-1900 temperatures and audit table of Seven Station series excluding pre-1900 temperatures (Excel download 127kb).

However, the pre-1900 and post-1900 Seven Station series have similar results and all following data on this page is based on temperatures in the original Seven Station series including pre-1900 recordings from the four oldest weather stations.


Fahrenheit .0 rounding before 1971

In the Fahrenheit era before July 1971, 25.5% of all temperatures recorded at the 25 New Zealand stations were logged as .0F degrees.

The combined 28.1% of temperatures recorded as .9F and .1F infers an actual .0F ratio around 40%.

new zealand temperature fractions


A breakdown of this data shows that 25.3% of all Fahrenheit maxima recorded before July 1971 were rounded to .0F and 25.7% of all minima were rounded to .0F. As in Australia, there is a greater proportion of minima recorded as .0F than maxima, although the difference is only slight in New Zealand.


new zealand maximum temperature roundings


new zealand minimim temperature fractions


The proportions of total converted Celsius fractions recorded at all 25 weather stations before 1 July 1971 were:


new zealand seven station temperature fractions


Celsius .0 rounding after 1971

In the Celsius era from 1 July 1971 to 31 December 2011, 15.7% of all temperatures recorded at all 25 New Zealand locations within the Seven Station dataset were recorded as .0C degrees.


new zealand celsius fractions


A breakdown of this data shows that 15.6% of all Celsius maxima recorded since July 1971 were rounded to .0F and 15.7% of all minima were rounded to .0F. As with Fahrenheit fractional distribution, this shows a slight tendency for more minima than maxima to be rounded to .0.


new zealand maximum temperature fractions


new zealand minimum temperature fractions


Several of the Seven Station locations have extensive blocks of consecutive .0C and .5C recordings, all since 1 July 1971, which contribute much of the high .0C proportion in the Celsius era. These consecutive blocks of rounded .0C and .5C are thought to be software problems but are not as common in New Zealand's Celsius era records as they are in Australia.


Below are the minimum and maximum percentages of whole .0 Fahrenheit recordings at each of the 25 stations before 1 July 1971:

Click station names for full audit results


Station Minima .0F % Maxima .0F %
Mangere 1945 30.9% 32.5%
Albert Park 1427 20.8% 17.6%
Auckland Aero 1962 16.4% 13.7%
Mangere EWS 22719 Opened after 1971 Opened after 1971
Waingawa 2473 26.7% 27.6%
East Taratahi AWS 2612 Opened after 1971 Opened after 1971
Martinborough EWS 21938 Opened after 1971 Opened after 1971
Kelburn 3385 14.6% 13.2%
Kelburn AWS 25354 Opened after 1971 Opened after 1971
Nelson 4244 50.9% 50.6%
Appleby 4239 Opened after 1971 Opened after 1971
Appleby EWS 12755 Opened after 1971 Opened after 1971
Nelson Aero 4241 15.2% 15.6%
Appleby 2 EWS 21937 Opened after 1971 Opened after 1971
Hokitika Town 3907 35.2% 35.3%
Hokitika Southside 37939 16.3% 15.9%
Hokitika Aero 3909 17.9% 18.5%
Lincoln 4881 19.2% 18.5%
Broadfield EDL 4882 Opened after 1971 Opened after 1971
Broadfield EWS 17603 Opened after 1971 Opened after 1971
Leith Valley 5380 54% 56.2%
Botanical Gardens 5375 41.8% 41.6%
Beta Street 5379 12.4% 14.5%
Musselburgh 5402 22.8% 22.4%
Musselburgh EWS 15752 Opened after 1971 Opened after 1971



The full results for this audit of Seven Station series locations in New Zealand are within:

Note: This audit of New Zealand weather station temperature records was possible due to the Excel programming skills of former ABS statistician Ian Hill.


Seven Station and Eleven Station series combined

When the 25 locations in the Seven Station series are combined with the 22 locations in the Eleven Station series, the 47 locations together had 22% of Fahrenheit temperatures recorded as .0F before July 1971 - see chart. Combined, all 47 stations together had 14.3% of Celsius temperatures recorded as .0C since July 1971 - see chart.

A breakdown of this data shows that 21.7% of all Fahrenheit maxima recorded before July 1971 were rounded to .0F and 22.4% of all minima were rounded to .0F.

Since July 1971, 14.6% of all Celsius maxima were rounded to .0F and 14.1% of all minima were rounded to .0F.

The 47 stations combined had 549,493 recordings of Fahrenheit temperatures before July 1971 and 616,764 recordings of Celsius temperatures after July 1971, totalling 1,166,257 recordings.



Below are audit results for each of the 25 Seven Station locations


Mangere 1945 maximum temperature audit
2 February 1959 to 1 August 1998


At Mangere 1945 from 2 February 1959 to June 30 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 32.5% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


1959-1971 represented 30% of the time span and had 19.4% of .0C and 8.1% of .5C maximum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-1998, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 15.9% of the total and .5C recordings represented 13.8% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 29.7% of all maximum temperatures recorded since metrication.


Mangere 1945 minimum temperature audit
2 February 1959 to 1 August 1998


At Mangere 1945 from 2 February 1959 to June 30 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 30.9% of all minimum temperatures recorded.


1959-1971 represented 30% of the time span and had 21.2% of .0C and 7.9% of .5C minimum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-1998, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 15% of the total and .5C recordings represented 13.6% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 28.5% of all minimum temperatures recorded since metrication.



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Albert Park Auckland 1427 maximum temperature audit
2 January 1930 to 1 January 1990


At Albert Park Auckland 1427 from 2 January 1930 to June 30 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 17.6% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


1930-1971 represented 68.3% of the time span and had 52.3% of .0C and 39.3% of .5C maximum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-1990, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 16.4% of the total and .5C recordings represented 13.6% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 30% of all maximum temperatures recorded since metrication.


Albert Park Auckland 1427 minimum temperature audit
1 January 1930 to 1 January 1990


At Albert Park Auckland 1427 from 1 January 1930 to June 30 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 20.8% of all minimum temperatures recorded.


1930-1971 represented 68.3% of the time span and had 58.4% of .0C and 39.4% of .5C minimum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-1990, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 13.1% of the total and .5C recordings represented 12.4% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 25.5% of all minimum temperatures recorded since metrication.



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Auckland Aero 1962 maximum temperature audit
2 January 1966 to 31 December 2011


At Auckland Aero 1962 from 2 January 1966 to June 30 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 13.7% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


1966-1971 represented 11.1% of the time span and had 9.3% of .0C and 6.4% of .5C maximum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-2011, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 10.3% of the total and .5C recordings represented 9.4% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 19.7% of all maximum temperatures recorded since metrication.


Auckland Aero 1962 minimum temperature audit
1 January 1966 to 31 December 2011


At Auckland Aero 1962 from 1 January 1966 to June 30 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 16.4% of all minimum temperatures recorded.


1966-1971 represented 11.1% of the time span and had 7.4% of .0C and 6.6% of .5C minimum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-2011, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 12% of the total and .5C recordings represented 9.6% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 21.7% of all minimum temperatures recorded since metrication.



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Mangere EWS 22719 maximum temperature audit
14 April 2002 to 31 December 2011


At Mangere Ews 22719 from 2002-2011, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 11.3% of the total and .5C recordings represented 8.7% of the total of all fractions since 2002. Together, .0C and .5C represented 20% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


Mangere EWS 22719 minimum temperature audit
14 April 2002 to 31 December 2011


At Mangere Ews 22719 from 2002-2011, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 10.9% of the total and .5C recordings represented 9.1% of the total of all fractions since 2002. Together, .0C and .5C represented 20% of all minimum temperatures recorded since metrication.



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Waingawa 2473 maximum temperature audit
2 January 1943 to 31 March 1991


At Waingawa 2473 from 2 January 1943 to June 30 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 27.6% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


1943-1971 represented 58.3% of the time span and had 29.9% of .0C and 21.5% of .5C maximum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-1991, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 26.3% of the total and .5C recordings represented 18.6% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 44.9% of all maximum temperatures recorded since metrication.


Waingawa 2473 minimum temperature audit
1 January 1943 to 31 March 1991


At Waingawa 2473 from 1 January 1943 to June 30 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 26.7% of all minimum temperatures recorded.


1943-1971 represented 58.3% of the time span and had 28.5% of .0C and 19.6% of .5C minimum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-1991, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 25.5% of the total and .5C recordings represented 23.6% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 49.1% of all minimum temperatures recorded since metrication.



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East Taratahi AWS 2612 maximum temperature audit
2 January 1982 to 4 November 2009


At East Taratahi AWS 2612 from 1982-2009, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 26.6% of the total and .5C recordings represented 7.4% of the total of all fractions since 1982. Together, .0C and .5C represented 34.1% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


East Taratahi AWS 2612 minimum temperature audit
1 January 1982 to 4 November 2009


At East Taratahi AWS 2612 from 1982-2009, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 37.5% of the total and .5C recordings represented 6.9% of the total of all fractions since 2004. Together, .0C and .5C represented 44.4% of all minimum temperatures recorded since metrication.



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Martinborough EWS 21938 maximum temperature audit
4 April 2001 to 31 December 2011


At Martinborough EWS 21938 from 2001-2011, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 10.7% of the total and .5C recordings represented 9.4% of the total of all fractions since 2001. Together, .0C and .5C represented 22.8% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


Martinborough EWS 21938 minimum temperature audit
4 April 2001 to 31 December 2011


At Martinborough EWS 21938 from 2001-2011, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 9.7% of the total and .5C recordings represented 9.1% of the total of all fractions since 2001. Together, .0C and .5C represented 18.8% of all minimum temperatures recorded since metrication.



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Wellington, Kelburn 3385 maximum temperature audit
4 December 1927 to 11 January 2006


At Wellington, Kelburn 3385 from 4 December 1927 to June 30 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 13.2% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


1927-1971 represented 55.7% of the time span and had 40% of .0C and 36% of .5C maximum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-2006, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 11.1% of the total and .5C recordings represented 10.3% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 21.4% of all maximum temperatures recorded since metrication.


Wellington, Kelburn 3385 minimum temperature audit
3 December 1927 to 11 January 2006


At Wellington, Kelburn 3385 from 3 December 1927 to June 30 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 14.6% of all minimum temperatures recorded.


1927-1971 represented 55.7% of the time span and had 37.5% of .0C and 31.9% of .5C minimum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-2006, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 12.9% of the total and .5C recordings represented 11.6% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 24.5% of all minimum temperatures recorded since metrication.



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Wellington, Kelburn AWS 25354 maximum temperature audit
29 April 2004 to 31 December 2011


At Wellington, Kelburn Aws 25354 from 2004-2011, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 13.9% of the total and .5C recordings represented 8.9% of the total of all fractions since 2004. Together, .0C and .5C represented 22.9% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


Wellington, Kelburn AWS 25354 minimum temperature audit
29 April 2004 to 31 December 2011


At Wellington, Kelburn Aws 25354 from 2004-2011, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 12.5% of the total and .5C recordings represented 9.3% of the total of all fractions since 2004. Together, .0C and .5C represented 21.9% of all minimum temperatures recorded since metrication.



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Nelson 4244 maximum temperature audit
2 July 1862 to 1 January 1921


At Nelson 4244 from 1862-1921, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 50.6% of all temperatures recorded.


From 1862-1921, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 10.3% of the total and .5C recordings represented 0.1% of the total of all fractions. Together, .0C and .5C represented 10.4% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


Nelson 4244 minimum temperature audit
2 July 1862 to 1 January 1921


At Nelson 4244 from 1862-1921, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 50.9% of all temperatures recorded.


From 1862-1921, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 11.2% of the total and .5C recordings represented 0.1% of the total of all fractions. Together, .0C and .5C represented 11.3% of all minimum temperatures recorded.



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Appleby 4239 maximum temperature audit
2 January 1941 to 13 December 1996


At Appleby 4239 from 2 January 1941 to June 30 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 11.3% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


1941-1971 represented 54.5% of the time span and had 32.3% of .0C and 30.4% of .5C maximum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-1996, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 14.6% of the total and .5C recordings represented 14% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 28.6% of all maximum temperatures recorded since metrication.


Appleby 4239 minimum temperature audit
1 January 1941 to 13 December 1996


At Appleby 4239 from 2 January 1941 to June 30 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 12.6% of all minimum temperatures recorded.


1941-1971 represented 54.5% of the time span and had 33.6% of .0C and 32% of .5C minimum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-1996, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 14% of the total and .5C recordings represented 12.5% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 26.5% of all minimum temperatures recorded since metrication.



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Appleby EWS 12755 maximum temperature audit
25 September 1996 to 7 June 2000


At Appleby EWS 12755 from 1996-2000, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 10.7% of the total and .5C recordings represented 9.4% of the total of all fractions since 2001. Together, .0C and .5C represented 22.1% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


Appleby EWS 12755 minimum temperature audit
25 September 1996 to 7 June 2000


At Appleby EWS 12755 from 1996-2000, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 10.5% of the total and .5C recordings represented 9.3% of the total of all fractions since 2001. Together, .0C and .5C represented 19.8% of all minimum temperatures recorded since metrication.



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Nelson Aero 4241 maximum temperature audit
2 April 1943 to 31 December 2011


At Nelson Aero 4241 from 2 April 1943 to June 30 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 15.6% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


1943-1971 represented 41.2% of the time span and had 25.7% of .0C and 21.2% of .5C maximum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-2011, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 14.1% of the total and .5C recordings represented 11.7% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 25.8% of all maximum temperatures recorded since metrication.


Nelson Aero 4241 minimum temperature audit
1 April 1943 to 31 December 2011


At Nelson Aero 4241 from 1 April 1943 to June 30 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 15.2% of all minimum temperatures recorded.


1943-1971 represented 41.2% of the time span and had 28.6% of .0C and 19.8% of .5C minimum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-2011, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 12.8% of the total and .5C recordings represented 11.8% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 24.5% of all minimum temperatures recorded since metrication.



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Appleby 2 EWS 12755 maximum temperature audit
17 March 2001 to 31 December 2011


At Appleby 2 EWS 12755 from 2001-2011, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 10.1% of the total and .5C recordings represented 8.9% of the total of all fractions since 2001. Together, .0C and .5C represented 19% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


Appleby 2 EWS 12755 minimum temperature audit
17 March 2001 to 31 December 2011


At Appleby 2 EWS 12755 from 2001-2011, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 11% of the total and .5C recordings represented 9.7% of the total of all fractions since 2001. Together, .0C and .5C represented 20.7% of all minimum temperatures recorded since metrication.



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Hokitika Town 3907 maximum temperature audit
8 February 1866 to 1 February 1946


At Hokitika Town 3907 from 1866-1946, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 35.3% of all temperatures recorded.


From 1866-1946, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 7.5% of the total and .5C recordings represented 3.2% of the total of all fractions. Together, .0C and .5C represented 10.7% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


Hokitika Town 3907 minimum temperature audit
8 February 1866 to 1 February 1946


At Hokitika Town 3907 from 1866-1946, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 35.2% of all temperatures recorded.


From 1866-1946, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 8.1% of the total and .5C recordings represented 3.1% of the total of all fractions. Together, .0C and .5C represented 11.1% of all minimum temperatures recorded.



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Hokitika Southside 37939 maximum temperature audit
2 August 1943 to 1 March 1965


At Hokitika Southside 37939 from 1943-1965, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 15.9% of all temperatures recorded.


From 1943-1965, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 6.4% of the total and .5C recordings represented 3.8% of the total of all fractions. Together, .0C and .5C represented 10.3% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


Hokitika Southside 37939 minimum temperature audit
2 August 1943 to 1 March 1965


At Hokitika Southside 37939 from 1943-1965, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 16.3% of all temperatures recorded.


From 1943-1965, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 7.0% of the total and .5C recordings represented 4.6% of the total of all fractions. Together, .0C and .5C represented 11.6% of all minimum temperatures recorded.



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Hokitika Aero 3909 maximum temperature audit
1 January 1964 to 31 December 2011


At Hokitika Aero 3909 from 1 January 1964 to 30 June 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 18.5% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


1964-1971 represented 14.9% of the time span and had 8.5% of .0C and 7.2% of .5C maximum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-2011, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 14.1% of the total and .5C recordings represented 11.6% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 25.6% of all maximum temperatures recorded since metrication.


Hokitika Aero 3909 minimum temperature audit
1 January 1964 to 31 December 2011


At Hokitika Aero 3909 from from 1 January 1964 to 30 June 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 17.9% of all minimum temperatures recorded.


1964-1971 represented 14.9% of the time span and had 8.4% of .0C and 7.4% of .5C minimum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-2011, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 13.5% of the total and .5C recordings represented 11.7% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 25.2% of all minimum temperatures recorded since metrication.



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Lincoln 4881 maximum temperature audit
1 January 1881 to 1 January 1988


At Lincoln 4881 from 1 January 1881 to 30 June 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 18.5% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


1881-1971 represented 84% of the time span and had 80% of .0C and 73% of .5C maximum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-1988, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 13.7% of the total and .5C recordings represented 12.5% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 26.2% of all maximum temperatures recorded since metrication.


Lincoln 4881 minimum temperature audit
1 January 1881 to 1 January 1988


At Lincoln 4881 from from 1 January 1988 to 30 June 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 19.2% of all minimum temperatures recorded.


1881-1971 represented 84% of the time span and had 78.6% of .0C and 67.8% of .5C minimum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-1988, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 12.9% of the total and .5C recordings represented 12.8% of the total of all fractions since 1971. Together, .0C and .5C represented 25.7% of all minimum temperatures recorded since metrication.



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Lincoln, Broadfield EDL 4882 maximum temperature audit
2 June 1987 to 4 May 2000


At Lincoln, Broadfield EDL 4882 from 1987-2000, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 12.4% of the total and .5C recordings represented 12.4% of the total of all fractions from 1987 to 2000. Together, .0C and .5C represented 24.8% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


Lincoln, Broadfield EDL 4882 minimum temperature audit
2 June 1987 to 4 May 2000


At Lincoln, Broadfield EDL 4882 from 1987-2000, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 12.9% of the total and .5C recordings represented 11.7% of the total of all fractions from 1987 to 2000. Together, .0C and .5C represented 24.7% of all minimum temperatures recorded from 1987 to 2000.



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Lincoln, Broadfield EWS 17603 maximum temperature audit
1 July 1999 to 31 December 2011


At Lincoln, Broadfield EWS 17603 from 1999-2011, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 11.1% of the total and .5C recordings represented 8.7% of the total of all fractions from 1999 to 2011. Together, .0C and .5C represented 19.8% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


Lincoln, Broadfield EWS 17603 minimum temperature audit
1 July 1999 to 31 December 2011


At Lincoln, Broadfield EWS 17603 from 1999-2011, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 9.9% of the total and .5C recordings represented 9.7% of the total of all fractions from 1999 to 2011. Together, .0C and .5C represented 19.6% of all minimum temperatures recorded from 1999 to 2011.



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Dunedin, Leith Valley 5380 maximum temperature audit
1 May 1886 to 1 February 1913


At Dunedin, Leith Valley 5380 from 1886-1913, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 56.2% of all temperatures recorded.


From 1886-1913, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 11.4% of the total and .5C recordings represented 0% of the total of all fractions. Together, .0C and .5C represented 11.4% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


Dunedin, Leith Valley 5380 minimum temperature audit
1 May 1886 to 1 February 1913


At Dunedin, Leith Valley 5380 from 1886-1913, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 54% of all temperatures recorded.


From 1886-1913, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 7.0% of the total and .5C recordings represented 4.6% of the total of all fractions. Together, .0C and .5C represented 11.6% of all minimum temperatures recorded.



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Botanical Gardens 5375 maximum temperature audit
1 January 1913 to 1 December 1942


At Botanical Gardens 5375 from 1913-1942, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 41.6% of all temperatures recorded.


From 1913-1942, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 9.3% of the total and .5C recordings represented 1.8% of the total of all fractions. Together, .0C and .5C represented 11.2% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


Botanical Gardens 5375 minimum temperature audit
1 January 1913 to 1 December 1942


At Botanical Gardens 5375 from 1913-1942, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 41.8% of all temperatures recorded.


From 1913-1942, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 9.9% of the total and .5C recordings represented 1.7% of the total of all fractions. Together, .0C and .5C represented 11.6% of all minimum temperatures recorded.



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Beta Street 5379 maximum temperature audit
2 January 1941 to 1 December 1947


At Beta Street 5379 from 1941-1947, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 14.5% of all temperatures recorded.


From 1941-1947, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 6.4% of the total and .5C recordings represented 4.8% of the total of all fractions. Together, .0C and .5C represented 11.2% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


Beta Street 5379 minimum temperature audit
2 January 1941 to 1 December 1947


At Beta Street 5379 from 1941-1947, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 12.4% of all temperatures recorded.


From 1941-1947, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 5.7% of the total and .5C recordings represented 5.2% of the total of all fractions. Together, .0C and .5C represented 11% of all minimum temperatures recorded.



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Dunedin, Musselburgh 5402 maximum temperature audit
19 January 1947 to 1 September 1997


At Dunedin, Musselburgh 5402 from 19 January 1947 to 30 June 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 22.4% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


1947-1971 represented 48% of the time span and had 17.8% of .0C and 14.1% of .5C maximum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-1997, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 30.2% of the total and .5C recordings represented 20.5% of the total of all fractions from 1971 to 1997. Together, .0C and .5C represented 50.7% of all maximum temperatures recorded since metrication.


Dunedin, Musselburgh 5402 minimum temperature audit
19 January 1947 to 1 September 1997


At Dunedin, Musselburgh 5402 from 19 January 1947 to 30 June 1971, whole .0 Fahrenheit degrees represented 22.8% of all minimum temperatures recorded.


1947-1971 represented 48% of the time span and had 22.9% of .0C and 13.9% of .5C minimum temperatures within the entire temperature record.


From 1971-1997, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 24.4% of the total and .5C recordings represented 20.6% of the total of all fractions from 1971 to 1997. Together, .0C and .5C represented 44.9% of all minimum temperatures recorded since metrication.



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Musselburgh EWS 15752 maximum temperature audit
9 August 1997 to 31 December 2011


At Musselburgh EWS 15752 from 1997-2011, maximum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 10.5% of the total and .5C recordings represented 8.9% of the total of all fractions since 1997. Together, .0C and .5C represented 19.4% of all maximum temperatures recorded.


Musselburgh EWS 15752 minimum temperature audit
9 August 1997 to 31 December 2011


At Musselburgh EWS 15752 from 1997-2011, minimum temperature recordings of .0 Celsius degrees represented 10.2% of the total and .5C recordings represented 9.5% of the total of all fractions since 1997. Together, .0C and .5C represented 19.7% of all minimum temperatures recorded from 1997 to 2011.




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