ACORN 2.2 influence on Queensland temperature trendsAustralia New South Wales Northern Territory South Australia Tasmania Victoria Western Australia
There are 26 ACORN stations (Australian Climate Observation Reference Network) in Queensland. This page analyses the daily temperatures at all 26 weather stations and averages the 15 with a start year of 1910 to ensure a uniform timescale, the most recent being Barcaldine with a start year of 1962. The 15 long-term weather stations analysed on this page (with a start year of 1910) had a 1910-1964 average maximum of 29.41C in ACORN 2.1 and a 1910-1964 average maximum of 29.41C in ACORN 2.2 - meaning ACORN 2.2 has not altered the historic maxima of ACORN 2.1. The 15 long-term weather stations had a 1910-1964 average minimum of 16.20C in ACORN 2.1 and a 1910-1964 average minimum of 16.17C in ACORN 2.2 - a 0.03C cooling of historic minima. Daily temperatures in ACORN 2.2 and RAW have been annualised, and below are charts showing the difference between the ACORN 2.2 homogenised dataset when compared to original raw annual temperatures. This analysis only allows the inclusion of years within which there were no months with less than 15 days of recorded temperatures, as is the ACORN protocol. 15 Queensland stations begin in 1910 and end in 2020 in ACORN 2.2 and RAW - Boulia, Bundaberg, Burketown, Cairns, Cape Moreton, Charleville, Charters Tower, Gayndah, Georgetown, Longreach, Mackay, Miles, Normanton, Palmerville and Richmond. The first charts below show maximum and minimum temperature trends at these 15 stations, with associated data. Excel files at the bottom of each station chart and data summary can be downloaded to compare how the ACORN 2.2 algorithms influence daily, monthly and annual temperatures at all 26 sites.
1910-1964 - ACORN 2.2 29.41C / raw 29.66C 1965-2020 - ACORN 2.2 29.86C / raw 29.87C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.45C / raw warmed 0.21C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.08C / raw 0.06C Queensland 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 30.37C / raw 30.28C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 - 29.38C / raw 29.54C The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 29.49C in ACORN 2.2 and 29.77C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 30.50C in ACORN 2.2 and 30.52C in raw Download Excel spreadsheet for 15 Queensland weather stations in ACORN 1, ACORN 2.2 and RAW
1910-1964 - ACORN 2.2 16.17C / raw 16.82C 1965-2020 - ACORN 2.2 17.30C / raw 17.62C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.13C / raw warmed 0.80C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.17C / raw 0.11C Queensland 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 17.77C / raw 17.84C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 - 16.80C / raw 17.28C The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 16.13C in ACORN 2.2 and 16.84C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 17.89C in ACORN 2.2 and 17.94C in raw Download Excel spreadsheet for 15 Queensland weather stations in ACORN 1 and ACORN 2.2 and RAW Station menu Amberley, Barcaldine, Birdsville, Boulia, Brisbane, Bundaberg, Burketown, Cairns, Camooweal, Cape Moreton, Charleville, Charters Towers, Gayndah, Georgetown, Horn Island, Longreach, Mackay, Miles, Normanton, Palmerville, Richmond, Rockhampton, St George, Thargomindah, Townsville, Weipa Amberley
1942-1980 - ACORN 2.2 26.59C / raw 26.52C 1981-2020 - ACORN 2.2 27.23C / raw 27.20C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.64C / raw warmed 0.68C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.12C / raw 0.13C Amberley 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 27.55C / raw 27.55C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 26.54C / raw 26.47C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.18% / raw - 26.61% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.02% / raw - 11.13% The first decade, 1942-1951, averaged 26.65C in ACORN 2.2 and 26.58C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 27.71C in ACORN 2.2 and 27.72C in raw ACORN catalogue: The site has been operating since August 1941. No significant moves are evident in documentation but the data indicate a substantial change of some kind at the site in or around 1980. An automatic weather station was installed on 3 July 1997. Manual observations continued under site number 040910 until September 1998. Assuming 1997 was when AWS readings were adopted, 1987-1996 raw max averaged 26.98C and post AWS 1998-2007 averaged 27.47C Amberley max Excel spreadsheets
1942-1980 - ACORN 2.2 11.86C / raw 13.38C 1981-2020 - ACORN 2.2 12.69C / raw 12.78C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.83C / raw cooled 0.62C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.23C / raw 0.00C Amberley 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 12.82C / raw 12.82C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 12.22C / raw 13.30C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.22% / raw - 31.16% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.12% / raw - 11.75% The first decade, 1942-1951, averaged 11.37C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.96C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 12.95C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.96C in raw Assuming 1997 was when AWS readings were adopted, 1987-1996 raw max averaged 12.72C and post AWS 1998-2007 averaged 12.74C Amberley min Excel spreadsheets Barcaldine
1962-1990 - ACORN 2.2 30.13C / raw 30.18C 1991-2020 - ACORN 2.2 30.78C / raw 30.73C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.65C / raw warmed 0.55C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.17C / raw 0.13C Barcaldine 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 30.92C / raw 30.75C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.33% / raw - 31.80% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.51% / raw - 15.71% The first decade, 1962-1971, averaged 30.22C in ACORN 2.2 and 30.27C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 31.29C in ACORN 2.2 and 31.17C in raw ACORN catalogue: Pre-1962 data at this site have not yet been digitised and do not currently form part of ACORN-SAT. A temporary small site move took place in January 1953, with another small move in October 1957. Equipment was reported to have been stored near the screen at times in the mid-1970s. There was a move in September 1985, shortly after a new screen was installed. In July 2000 the site moved 70 m south, to a more open location further from buildings. Barcaldine max Excel spreadsheets
1962-1990 - ACORN 2.2 16.81C / raw 16.41C 1991-2020 - ACORN 2.2 17.34C / raw 17.34C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.53C / raw warmed 0.93C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.15C / raw 0.26C Barcaldine 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 17.37C / raw 17.37C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.18% / raw - 35.76% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 12.12% / raw - 13.12% The first decade, 1962-1971, averaged 16.69C in ACORN 2.2 and 16.15C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 17.58C in ACORN 2.2 and 17.57C in raw Barcaldine min Excel spreadsheets Birdsville
1955-1987 - ACORN 2.2 30.36C / raw 30.30C 1988-2020 - ACORN 2.2 31.34C / raw 31.41C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.98C / raw warmed 1.11C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.27C / raw 0.33C Birdsville 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 31.61C / raw 31.66C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.84% / raw - 97.96% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 13.81% / raw - 17.86% The first decade, 1955-1964, averaged 30.16C in ACORN 2.2 and 29.86C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 31.96C in ACORN 2.2 and 31.96C in raw ACORN catalogue: The original site (038002) was in the town area, associated first with the Australian Inland Mission and later with the police station. There is no evidence of any site move between the start of temperature observations in 1954 and 1988. A site move took place in May 1988 to the new police station; the distance of the move is unclear but appears to have been less than 100 m. Station photos from 1998 suggest that another move may have taken place at some point after 1988 but this is unconfirmed. This site continued to operate until 2005. The current airport site has been operating since June 2000. Consistently small differences between the minimum temperatures and ‘9 am’ temperatures in the 1970s suggest that the nominal 9 am observation may have been taken earlier, possibly between 7 and 8 am. This ceased in 1979, resulting in an apparent increase of about 0.5 °C in minimum temperatures, due to reduced double-counting of low minimum temperatures. Because of Birdsville’s far western location within Queensland, it generally has a later time of minimum temperature than eastern Queensland stations. 38002 overlap with 38026 29 June 2000 to 14 March 2005 : 38002 31.95C / 38026 31.55C 1995-2004 raw max averaged 31.31C and post AWS 2006-2015 averaged 31.48C Birdsville max Excel spreadsheets
1955-1987 - ACORN 2.2 15.72C / raw 15.68C 1988-2020 - ACORN 2.2 16.57C / raw 16.54C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.85C / raw warmed 0.86C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.22C / raw 0.20C Birdsville 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 16.83C / raw 16.78C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 20.37% / raw - 89.26% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 14.61% / raw - 18.85% The first decade, 1955-1964, averaged 15.65C in ACORN 2.2 and 15.79C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 16.92C in ACORN 2.2 and 16.92C in raw 38002 overlap with 38026 30 June 2000 to 15 March 2005 : 38002 16.65C / 38026 16.70C 1995-2004 raw min averaged 16.39C and post AWS 2006-2015 averaged 16.74C Birdsville min Excel spreadsheets Boulia
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 30.67C / raw 31.66C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 31.78C / raw 31.99C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.11C / raw warmed 0.33C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.15C / raw 0.02C Boulia 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 32.24C / raw 32.44C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 31.42C / raw 31.84C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 15.45% / raw - 48.66% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 12.54% / raw - 23.26% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 30.30C in ACORN 2.2 and 31.99C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 32.14C in ACORN 2.2 and 32.44C in raw Boulia 52026 has annual max temps back to 1889: 1889-1891 + 1897-1901 + 1905 + 1907-1909 = 31.65C ACORN catalogue: The site was originally in the town centre. A damaged screen was replaced in March 1917; there were periods of suspect maximum temperature data in the lead-up to this. Small moves took place in September 1965 and June 1970 (unconfirmed). The town site had a well-watered lawn surface, at least in its later years. The site moved to its current location at the airport in July 1999.
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 16.14C / raw 16.68C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 17.63C / raw 17.61C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.49C / raw warmed 0.93C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.22C / raw 0.17C Boulia 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 18.14C / raw 18.18C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 17.08C / raw 17.12C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.98% / raw - 45.78% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 14.62% / raw - 20.37% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 16.06C in ACORN 2.2 and 16.62C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 18.30C in ACORN 2.2 and 18.37C in raw Boulia 52026 has annual min temps back to 1889: 1889-1892 + 1900-1901 + 1905-1909 = 15.96C Brisbane
1950-1984 - ACORN 2.2 25.05C / raw 25.48C 1985-2020 - ACORN 2.2 25.31C / raw 25.43C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.26C / raw cooled 0.05C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.09C / raw 0.00C Brisbane 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 25.54C / raw 25.54C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 25.08C / raw 25.44C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.65% / raw - 28.09% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.47% / raw - 10.89% The first decade, 1950-1959, averaged 24.95C in ACORN 2.2 and 25.49C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 25.59C in ACORN 2.2 and 25.59C in raw ACORN catalogue: The original site (040223) was in the southwest corner of the old (Eagle Farm) airport, near the Eagle Farm railway station. It moved about 800 m north in August 1955 to a location on the western side of the old airport, near where the Gateway Motorway now is. An automatic weather station was installed at the southern end of the main runway of the new airport on 30 November 1987, about 3 km east of the previous location. The automatic weather station became the primary instrument on 1 November 1996. The site closed in February 2000. The current site (040842) was established in April 1994, 3.3 km to the northeast of the previous site (040223). 1986-1995 raw max averaged 25.31C and post AWS 1997-2006 averaged 25.47C Brisbane max Excel spreadsheets
1950-1984 - ACORN 2.2 15.05C / raw 15.73C 1985-2020 - ACORN 2.2 15.79C / raw 15.73C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.74C / raw unchanged Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.21C / raw 0.06C Brisbane 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 15.78C / raw 15.78C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 15.36C / raw 15.80C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.00% / raw - 30.66% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.54% / raw - 11.21% The first decade, 1950-1959, averaged 14.78C in ACORN 2.2 and 15.72C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 16.08C in ACORN 2.2 and 16.08C in raw 1986-1995 raw max averaged 15.64C and post AWS 1997-2006 averaged 15.45C Brisbane min Excel spreadsheets Bundaberg
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 26.94C / raw 26.56C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 27.23C / raw 26.94C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.29C / raw warmed 0.38C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.03C / raw 0.08C Bundaberg 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 27.50C / raw 27.33C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 26.94C / raw 26.62C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 20.08% / raw - 48.14% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.39% / raw - 14.79% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 27.18C in ACORN 2.2 and 26.69C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 27.61C in ACORN 2.2 and 27.61C in raw Bundaberg 39015 has annual max temps back to 1893: 1893-1909 = 27.19C 39015 overlap with 39128 1 June 1959 to 4 January 1971 : 39015 26.28C / 39128 25.91C ACORN catalogue: The original site (039015) was located at the Post Office in the centre of town. A new screen was installed in June 1913. There was a small move into a new screen in June 1933, and a move of 50 m in July 1953. The site was enclosed, particularly in its later years, and there were bitumen surfaces in the vicinity from 1984 onwards. Observations began at the airport (039128) in July 1990. An automatic weather station was installed on 19 December 1997. The site moved on 1 July 2010 from the northern to the southern part of the airport, about 2 km south. There was also a site at the airport (also using the number 039128) between 1959 and 1970 but this has not been used in ACORN-SAT. Assuming 1997 was when AWS readings were adopted, 1987-1996 raw max averaged 26.77C and post AWS 1998-2007 averaged 27.12C Bundaberg max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 14.87C / raw 15.98C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 15.92C / raw 16.82C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.05C / raw warmed 0.84C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.16C / raw 0.08C Bundaberg 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 16.37C / raw 16.67C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 15.40C / raw 16.88C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.77% / raw - 52.52% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.77% / raw - 15.12% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 14.87C in ACORN 2.2 and 15.74C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 16.50C in ACORN 2.2 and 16.50C in raw Bundaberg 39015 has annual min temps back to 1893: 1893-1909 = 15.96C 39015 overlap with 39128 1 June 1959 to 5 January 1971 : 39015 16.26C / 39128 15.68C Assuming 1997 was when AWS readings were adopted, 1987-1996 raw min averaged 16.90C and post AWS 1998-2007 averaged 16.75C Bundaberg min Excel spreadsheets Burketown
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 32.19C / CDO raw 32.17C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 33.05C / CDO raw 32.96C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.86C / raw warmed 0.79C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.10C / raw 0.14C Burketown 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 33.19C / raw 33.28C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 32.82C / raw 32.94C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.48% / raw - 65.93% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.23% / raw - 21.35% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 32.34C in ACORN 2.2 and 32.00C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 33.56C in ACORN 2.2 and 33.58C in raw Burketown 29004 has annual max temps back to 1891: 1891-1901 + 1903-1909 = 31.84C 29004 overlap with 29077 16 October 2001 to 30 June 2009 : 29004 32.29C / 29077 33.23C ACORN catalogue: The current site (29077) is an automatic weather station at Burketown Airport, 2 km southwest of the town, over an area of mown but unwatered grass. The original site was at the Post Office (29004). It was located on a watered lawn within the town in its later years. The screen was replaced in May 1966. There were numerous missed observations during the 1970s. Documented site moves took place in August 1986 (50 m north) and September 1995 (25 m east-southeast). Temperature observations ceased at this site in July 2009, although rainfall and evaporation are still measured there. The current automatic weather station at the airport began observations in October 2001. The change in surface type from the Post Office (watered lawn) to the airport (natural grassland) is clearly shown in the maximum temperatures, which are substantially higher at the airport during the winter and spring (dry season). There is little difference during the wet season when the vegetation is normally green at both sites. Assuming 2001 was when AWS readings were adopted, 1991-2000 raw max averaged 32.35C and post AWS 2002-2011 averaged 33.13C Burketown max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 19.08C / raw 19.67C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 20.29C / raw 20.73C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.21C / raw warmed 1.06C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.14C / raw 0.09C Burketown 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 20.47C / raw 20.72C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 19.84C / raw 20.41C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 16.13% / raw - 71.18% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.67% / raw - 21.67% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 19.18C in ACORN 2.2 and 19.81C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 20.59C in ACORN 2.2 and 20.66C in raw Burketown 29004 has annual min temps back to 1891: 1891-1909 = 19.73C 29004 overlap with 29077 17 October 2001 to 1 July 2009 : 29004 21.15C / 29077 20.72C Assuming 2001 was when AWS readings were adopted, 1991-2000 raw min averaged 20.90C and post AWS 2002-2011 averaged 20.70C Burketown min Excel spreadsheets Cairns
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 29.13C / raw 29.01C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 29.41C / raw 29.19C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.28C / raw warmed 0.18C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.04C / raw 0.05C Cairns 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 29.59C / raw 29.50C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 29.19C / raw 28.91C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.20% / raw - 36.38% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.48% / raw - 11.94% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 29.20C in ACORN 2.2 and 29.10C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 29.66C in ACORN 2.2 and 29.66C in raw Cairns 31010 has annual max temps back to 1890 : 1890-1899 + 1901-1904 + 1906-1909 = 28.71C 31010 overlap with 31011 22 October 1942 to 30 September 1953 : 31010 28.83C / 31011 28.76C ACORN catalogue: The original site was at the Cairns Post Office (031010), within the town area. There is a documented move in December 1929 from a relatively enclosed site to a slightly more open one. Observations continued at the Post Office until 1953. Observations have been made at the airport (031011) since 1943. In December 1992 the site moved 1.5 km northwest (to the other side of the runway). Comparisons of the data with neighbours suggest that this move had no significant effect on temperatures. An automatic weather station was installed at this time and became the primary instrument on 1 November 1996. 1986-1995 raw max averaged 29.23C and post AWS 1997-2006 averaged 29.25C
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 19.79C / raw 20.23C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 20.83C / raw 20.90C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.04C / raw warmed 0.67C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.15C / raw 0.09C Cairns 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 21.10C / raw 21.10C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 20.45C / raw 20.74C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 16.79% / raw - 40.13% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.31% / raw - 12.01% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 19.71C in ACORN 2.2 and 20.25C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 21.11C in ACORN 2.2 and 21.11C in raw Cairns 31010 has annual min temps back to 1897 : 1897--1909 = 20.04C 31010 overlap with 31011 22 October 1942 to 30 September 1953 : 31010 20.09C / 31011 20.39C 1986-1995 raw min averaged 21.02C and post AWS 1997-2006 averaged 20.94C Camooweal
1940-1979 - ACORN 2.2 32.54C / raw 32.71C 1980-2020 - ACORN 2.2 33.43C / raw 33.63C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.89C / raw warmed 0.92C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.17C / raw 0.15C Camooweal 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 33.49C / raw 33.66C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 33.09C / raw 33.20C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 15.68% / raw - 72.25% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.92% / raw - 26.10% The first decade, 1940-1949, averaged 32.43C in ACORN 2.2 and 32.64C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 33.88C in ACORN 2.2 and 33.89C in raw ACORN catalogue: A manual site operated under the same number in the town area. There are no documented moves at this old site, although both the site condition and the standard of observations deteriorated through the 1990s. The site eventually closed altogether in September 1997, leaving a seven-month gap before observations resumed. The current site commenced in April 1998, about 200 m east of the previous location. It is known that temperature observations were made in this area as early as 1910, but no pre-1939 observations have yet been located. 1988-1997 raw max averaged 33.62C and post AWS 1999-2008 averaged 33.66C Camooweal max Excel spreadsheets
1940-1979 - ACORN 2.2 16.35C / raw 17.51C 1980-2020 - ACORN 2.2 17.87C / raw 18.18C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.52C / raw warmed 0.67C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.29C / raw 0.13C Camooweal 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 18.01C / raw 18.02C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 17.09C / raw 18.00C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 20.81% / raw - 70.05% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.43% / raw - 26.39% The first decade, 1940-1949, averaged 16.10C in ACORN 2.2 and 17.22C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 18.21C in ACORN 2.2 and 18.21C in raw 1988-1997 raw max averaged 18.48C and post AWS 1999-2008 averaged 17.87C Camooweal min Excel spreadsheets Cape Moreton
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 23.53C / raw 23.19C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 23.81C / raw 23.56C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.28C / raw warmed 0.37C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.06C / raw 0.06C Cape Moreton 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 24.28C / raw 24.23C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 23.45C / raw 23.05C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.97% / raw - 66.21% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.57% / raw - 12.37% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 23.77C in ACORN 2.2 and 23.78C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 24.40C in ACORN 2.2 and 24.40C in raw ACORN catalogue: The location is mostly unchanged since observations began. A new screen was installed in April 1939. The only documented site move was a small one (less than 50 m) when an automatic weather station was installed on 3 August 1995. This move has had a large impact on rainfall but has had little impact on temperatures. Assuming the AWS was operational from 1995, 1985-1994 raw max averaged 23.19C and post AWS 1996-2005 averaged 23.87C Cape Moreton max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 17.53C / raw 17.80C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 18.46C / raw 18.46C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.93C / raw warmed 0.66C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.13C / raw 0.10C Cape Moreton 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 18.85C / raw 18.87C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 18.01C / raw 17.98C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 43.16% / raw - 71.82% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 14.81% / raw - 14.80% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 17.58C in ACORN 2.2 and 17.91C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 18.89C in ACORN 2.2 and 18.89C in raw Assuming the AWS was operational from 1995, 1985-1994 raw min averaged 18.29C and post AWS 1996-2005 averaged 18.80C Cape Moreton min Excel spreadsheets Charleville
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 27.72C / raw 28.68C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 28.55C / raw 28.49C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.83C / raw cooled 0.19C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.14C / raw 0.04C Charleville 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 29.14C / raw 29.10C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 28.02C / raw 27.96C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 16.91% / raw - 42.90% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.70% / raw - 10.05% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 27.83C in ACORN 2.2 and 28.78C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 29.52C in ACORN 2.2 and 29.52C in raw Charleville 44022 has annual max temps back to 1890: 1890-1909 = 27.85C 44022 overlap with 44021 7 April 1942 to 30 September 1953 : 44022 28.48C / 44021 27.40C ACORN catalogue: The original site (044022) was in town, at the school. In September 1914 it moved to the Post Office. This site continued until 1953 but is not used in ACORN-SAT after 1948. Observations commenced at the Meteorological Office at the airport (044021) in 1943, although only data from January 1949 onwards have been used in ACORN-SAT. There was a move in or shortly before April 1961. In August 1990 an automatic weather station was installed, followed by a site move 150 m east on 12 September 1990. The automatic weather station became the primary instrument on 1 November 1996. In October 2003 the airport site was moved about 600 m west, to its current location. Observations from the previous site continued until February 2006, under number 044221. Neighbours rather than the overlapping data are used to merge the two main Charleville sites, as the data indicate substantial changes at both sites in or near 1949, although there is no documentation of what those changes might have been for either site. 1986-1995 raw max averaged 28.33C and post AWS 1997-2006 averaged 28.77C Charleville max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 12.01C / raw 13.24C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 13.36C / raw 13.91C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.35C / raw warmed 0.71C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.25C / raw 0.09C Charleville 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 14.15C / raw 14.20C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 12.72C / raw 13.44C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.78% / raw - 49.91% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.30% / raw - 11.61% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 11.83C in ACORN 2.2 and 13.40C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 14.42C in ACORN 2.2 and 14.42C in raw Charleville 44022 has annual min temps back to 1890: 1890-1909 = 13.05C 44022 overlap with 44021 9 April 1942 to 30 September 1953 : 44022 12.97C / 44021 13.25C 1986-1995 raw min averaged 13.94C and post AWS 1997-2006 averaged 13.93C Charleville min Excel spreadsheets Charters Towers
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 29.58C / raw 30.07C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 30.04C / raw 30.33C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.46C / raw warmed 0.26C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.11C / raw 0.06C Charters Towers 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 30.51C / raw 30.51C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 29.62C / raw 30.11C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.52% / raw - 56.37% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 12.50% / raw - 17.37% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 29.44C in ACORN 2.2 and 29.97C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 30.77C in ACORN 2.2 and 30.77C in raw Charters Towers 34002 has annual max temps back to 1894: 1894-1909 = 30.28C ACORN catalogue: The original site (034002) was located in the town area. A new screen was installed in April 1939. Small moves took place in June 1947 (15 m south), December 1953 and April 1975 (10 m), the 1953 move taking place after a shed and incinerator were built nearby. The site closed in December 1992. The airport site opened in December 1992, with no overlap with the previous site. A new screen was installed in October 2000. Charters Towers max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 16.23C / raw 16.91C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 17.20C / raw 17.60C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.97C / raw warmed 0.69C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.17C / raw 0.14C Charters Towers 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 17.44C / raw 17.54C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 16.93C / raw 17.41C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.94% / raw - 57.82% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.60% / raw - 18.49% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 15.86C in ACORN 2.2 and 16.24C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 17.58C in ACORN 2.2 and 17.57C in raw Charters Towers 34002 has annual min temps back to 1894: 1894-1909 = 17.01C Charters Towers min Excel spreadsheets Gayndah
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 27.72C / raw 28.05C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 28.31C / raw 28.47C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.59C / raw warmed 0.42C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.07C / raw 0.03C Gayndah 2000-2017 - ACORN 2.2 28.85C / raw 28.95C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 27.72C / raw 28.03C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.12% / raw - 49.47% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.36% / raw - 14.72% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 28.13C in ACORN 2.2 and 28.55C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 29.07C in ACORN 2.2 and 29.07C in raw Gayndah 39039 has annual max temps back to 1894: 1894-1909 = 28.08C 39039 overlap with 39066 28 January 2003 to 30 June 2009 : 39039 28.91C / 39066 28.67C ACORN catalogue: The original site (039039) was on a block next to the Post Office in the main town area, about 10 m from the main street. There are no documented moves at the site but overhanging trees were a problem at times. New screens were supplied in October 1945 and June 1999. This site closed in July 2009. The current site, about 1.2 km northeast of the previous site, has been operating since January 2003. Assuming the AWS was operational from 2003, 1993-2002 raw max averaged 28.64C and post AWS 2004-2013 averaged 28.61C Gayndah max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 13.30C / raw 13.14C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 14.32C / raw 14.44C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.02C / raw warmed 1.30C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.10C / raw 0.16C Gayndah 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 14.48C / raw 14.51C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 14.00C / raw 14.19C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.10% / raw - 51.53% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.58% / raw - 15.90% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 13.44C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.86C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 14.50C in ACORN 2.2 and 14.50C in raw Gayndah 39039 has annual min temps back to 1894: 1894-1909 = 12.93C 39039 overlap with 39066 29 January 2003 to 1 July 2009 : 39039 14.69C / 39066 14.45C Assuming the AWS was operational from 2003, 1993-2002 raw min averaged 14.50C and post AWS 2004-2013 averaged 14.43C Gayndah min Excel spreadsheets Georgetown
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 32.17C / raw 32.37C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 32.64C / raw 33.01C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.47C / raw warmed 0.64C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.11C / raw 0.09C Georgetown 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 32.91C / raw 33.00C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 32.37C / raw 32.85C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 20.59% / raw - 73.02% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.29% / raw - 21.10% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 31.86C in ACORN 2.2 and 32.02C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 33.05C in ACORN 2.2 and 33.05C in raw Georgetown 30018 has annual max temps back to 1909: 1909 = 32.58C 30018 overlap with 30124 1 June 2004 to 9 October 2007 : 30018 33.40C / 30124 32.44C ACORN catalogue: The original site (030018) was in the town area. A new screen was supplied in November 1922. There are no documented moves; however, there were numerous changes in site condition over the years as the site became overgrown at times. This was a particular problem in the early 1960s and at one point vines were reported as growing through the screen; much data from this period has been flagged as suspect. These issues ceased with the appointment of a new observer in 1965. The current site began operating in May 2004. The old site continued until 2007 but deteriorated rapidly in its last years due to encroaching trees, so the overlapping data were not used in merging the two sites. 1994-2003 raw max averaged 33.48C and post AWS 2005-2014 averaged 32.70C Georgetown max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 17.57C / raw 18.11C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 18.27C / raw 18.92C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.70C / raw warmed 0.81C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.12C / raw 0.09C Georgetown 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 18.61C / raw 19.06C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 17.89C / raw 18.50C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 20.01% / raw - 81.77% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.67% / raw - 20.22% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 18.06C in ACORN 2.2 and 18.27C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 19.13C in ACORN 2.2 and 19.13C in raw Georgetown 30018 has annual min temps back to 1894: 1894-1909 = 18.26C 30018 overlap with 30124 2 June 2004 to 10 October 2007 : 30018 18.41C / 30124 18.73C 1994-2003 raw min averaged 19.13C and post AWS 2005-2014 averaged 19.03C Georgetown min Excel spreadsheets Horn Island
1951-1985 - ACORN 2.2 29.92C / raw 29.36C 1986-2020 - ACORN 2.2 30.43C / raw 30.29C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.51C / raw warmed 0.93C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.14C / raw 0.14C Horn Island 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 30.55C / raw 30.58C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 30.04C / raw 29.26C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.81% / raw - 25.99% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.10% / raw - 11.86% The first decade, 1951-1960, averaged 29.86C in ACORN 2.2 and 29.82C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 30.66C in ACORN 2.2 and 30.66C in raw 27022 overlap with 27021 14 September 1992 to 28 February 1993 : 27022 30.09C / 27021 30.94C 27021 overlap with 27085 20 March 1995 to 14 January 1996 : 27021 30.22C / 27058 29.91C ACORN catalogue: The main early site was the Thursday Island Meteorological Office (027022). This operated from 1950 until February 1993. The Meteorological Office was on top of a hill (elevation 58 m) on the site of a former fort, in a relatively exposed location. The data suggest that the Meteorological Office may also have been in the town rather than on the hilltop until about 1958, but there is no documentation of this. Observations were made in the Thursday Island township (027021) from the closure of the Meteorological Office until 1996. There were previously observations under this site number in the town prior to the opening of the Meteorological Office in 1950, but no daily data from the pre-1951 site have yet been digitised and it is not included in ACORN-SAT. The current site at Horn Island airport opened in 1995. 1985-1994 raw max averaged 29.67C and post AWS 1996-2005 averaged 30.25C Horn Island max Excel spreadsheets
1951-1985 - ACORN 2.2 23.37C / raw 24.09C 1986-2020 - ACORN 2.2 24.50C / raw 24.62C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.13C / raw warmed 0.53C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.25C / raw 0.08C Horn Island 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 24.73C / raw 24.73C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 23.49C / raw 24.07C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.95% / raw - 21.55% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.42% / raw - 11.86% The first decade, 1951-1960, averaged 23.34C in ACORN 2.2 and 24.37C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 24.81C in ACORN 2.2 and 24.81C in raw 27022 overlap with 27021 16 September 1992 to 28 February 1993 : 27022 24.44C / 27021 23.83C 27021 overlap with 27085 20 March 1995 to 15 January 1996 : 27021 24.54C / 27058 24.41C 1985-1994 raw min averaged 23.86C and post AWS 1996-2005 averaged 24.40C Horn Island min Excel spreadsheets Longreach
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 31.40C / raw 31.26C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 31.49C / raw 31.54C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.09C / raw warmed 0.28C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.05C / raw 0.10C Longreach 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 31.96C / raw 31.96C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 31.11C / raw 31.21C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 14.85% / raw - 64.41% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.07% / raw - 12.23% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 31.41C in ACORN 2.2 and 30.90C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 32.24C in ACORN 2.2 and 32.24C in raw Longreach 36030 has annual max temps back to 1897: 1897-1901 + 1904-1907 + 1909 = 31.58C 36030 overlap with 36031 1 March 1966 to 30 May 1973 : 36030 31.34C / 36031 30.99C ACORN catalogue: The first observations were made at the Post Office (036030). There were no documented moves at this site. New screens were installed in October 1911 and November 1924, and building works were reported in the vicinity in September 1949. This site continued until 1973 but was not used in ACORN-SAT beyond 1969. The Meteorological Office (036031) has been in operation since 1966. An automatic weather station and a new screen were installed in May 1996, with manual observations continuing for a year under the site number 036167. 1987-1996 raw max averaged 31.41C and post AWS 1998-2007 averaged 31.86C Longreach max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 14.66C / raw 15.43C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 15.90C / raw 15.98C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.24C / raw warmed 0.55C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.20C / raw 0.13C Longreach 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 16.58C / raw 16.32C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 15.19C / raw 15.70C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.40% / raw - 69.85% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.33% / raw - 13.12% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 14.59C in ACORN 2.2 and 15.09C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 16.75C in ACORN 2.2 and 16.62C in raw Longreach 36030 has annual min temps back to 1897: 1897-1901 + 1906-1909 = 15.15C 36030 overlap with 36031 2 March 1966 to 27 April 1973 : 36030 16.08C / 36031 15.19C 1987-1996 raw min averaged 16.19C and post AWS 1998-2007 averaged 16.19C Longreach min Excel spreadsheets Mackay
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 25.45C / raw 26.92C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 26.44C / raw 26.57C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.99C / raw cooled 0.35C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.15C / raw 0.04C Mackay 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 26.97C / raw 26.97C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 25.92C / raw 26.43C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.65% / raw - 43.56% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.46% / raw - 11.45% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 25.48C in ACORN 2.2 and 26.60C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 27.12C in ACORN 2.2 and 27.13C in raw Mackay 33046 has annual max temps back to 1908: 1908-1909 = 26.67C 33046 overlap with 33047 1 January 1908 to 30 April 1950 : 33046 26.78C / 33047 28.00C 33047 overlap with 33119 25 September 1959 to 4 June 2012 : 33047 27.60 / 33119 26.41C ACORN catalogue: The earlier part of the Mackay dataset uses data from the Post Office (033046). This site had a temporary move due to building in late 1922, and further moves in 1939 and 1941, the latter placing it in a rather enclosed location. The Post Office site closed in 1950. Data from the Te Kowai Experimental Station (033047) located 5 km west of the town were used between 1948 and 1965. This is a small but apparently good-quality subset of the full record from this site. The Meteorological Office site (033119) commenced observations in 1959, and no known site moves have taken place. An automatic weather station was installed in October 1995, although manual observations continued until 2001 under the site number 033297. Because of its greater proximity to the coast and its hilltop location, the Meteorological Office has substantially lower maximum temperatures, and higher minimum temperatures (especially in winter) than any of the other sites that have existed historically in the Mackay area. Assuming the AWS was operational from 1995, 1985-1994 raw max averaged 26.49C and post AWS 1996-2005 averaged 26.80C
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 18.03C / raw 17.66C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 19.00C / raw 19.21C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.97C / raw warmed 1.55C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.19C / raw 0.17C Mackay 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 19.49C / raw 19.49C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 18.45C / raw 18.47C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.15% / raw - 51.71% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.99% / raw - 11.72% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 17.77C in ACORN 2.2 and 17.96C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 19.60C in ACORN 2.2 and 19.60C in raw Mackay 33046 has annual min temps back to 1890: 1890-1909 = 17.73C 33046 overlap with 33047 1 January 1908 to 30 April 1950 : 33046 18.23C / 33047 16.45C 33047 overlap with 33119 25 September 1959 to 5 June 2012 : 33047 16.57 / 33119 19.04C Assuming the AWS was operational from 1995, 1985-1994 raw min averaged 19.22C and post AWS 1996-2005 averaged 19.35C Miles
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 27.06C / raw 27.18C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 27.45C / raw 27.36C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.39C / raw warmed 0.18C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.05C / raw 0.06C Miles 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 28.09C / raw 28.02C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 26.90C / raw 26.74C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.43% / raw - 60.80% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.84% / raw - 12.57% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 27.36C in ACORN 2.2 and 27.31C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 28.15C in ACORN 2.2 and 28.15C in raw 42023 overlap with 42112 10 July 1997 to 14 March 2005 : 42023 28.09C / 42112 27.81C ACORN catalogue: The former site (042023) was located in the town. The screen was reported in September 1929 as having numerous missing louvres. It became somewhat overgrown from about 1990 onwards, but continued to measure temperatures until 2005. Rainfall continues to be measured at this site. The current site has been operating since July 1997, about 300 m west- northwest of the previous site. 1995-2004 raw max averaged 27.81C and post AWS 2006-2015 averaged 27.67C See Miles Automatic Weather Station
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 11.35C / raw 11.94C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 12.63C / raw 12.64C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.28C / raw warmed 0.70C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.16C / raw 0.05C Miles 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 12.92C / raw 12.93C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 12.25C / raw 12.27C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.73% / raw - 65.43% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 21.96% / raw - 13.64% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 11.21C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.39C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 12.85C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.85C in raw 42023 overlap with 42112 11 July 1997 to 15 March 2005 : 42023 13.02C / 42112 13.03C 1995-2004 raw min averaged 12.88C and post AWS 2006-2015 averaged 12.85C Normanton
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 32.98C / raw 33.42C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 33.48C / raw 33.51C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.50C / raw warmed 0.09C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.09C / raw -0.01C Normanton 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 33.66C / raw 33.65C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 33.33C / raw 33.49C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.66% / raw - 75.39% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.79% / raw - 12.28% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 32.77C in ACORN 2.2 and 33.81C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 33.77C in ACORN 2.2 and 33.76C in raw 29041 overlap with 29063 10 April 2001 to 30 July 2001 : 29041 31.30C / 29063 31.41C ACORN catalogue: The original site was in the town (029063). Screens which had been in poor condition were replaced in May 1917 and November 1940. The only documented move in this site took place in October 1956 (45 m southwest). In its later years, there was a watered lawn and trees and a car park nearby. The current site replaced the previous site in 2001; there are only three months of overlapping data, insufficient to be used in adjustment. Assuming the AWS was operational from 2001, 1991-2000 averaged 33.40C and post AWS 2002-2011 averaged 33.49C Normanton max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 21.08C / raw 21.08C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 21.72C / raw 21.83C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.64C / raw warmed 0.75C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.09C / raw 0.09C Normanton 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 21.80C / raw 21.84C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 21.55C / raw 21.61C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.68% / raw - 80.91% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.84% / raw - 15.27% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 21.05C in ACORN 2.2 and 20.99C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 21.91C in ACORN 2.2 and 21.91C in raw 29041 overlap with 29063 11 April 2001 to 31 July 2001 : 29041 17.87C / 29063 17.38C Assuming the AWS was operational from 2001, 1991-2000 averaged 22.17C and post AWS 2002-2011 averaged 21.69C Normanton min Excel spreadsheets Palmerville
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 32.77C / raw 32.68C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 32.90C / raw 32.98C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.13C / raw warmed 0.30C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.04C / raw 0.09C Palmerville 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 33.19C / raw 33.19C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 32.74C / raw 32.78C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 21.97% / raw - 67.52% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.68% / raw - 44.43% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 32.85C in ACORN 2.2 and 32.36C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 33.40C in ACORN 2.2 and 33.40C in raw Palmerville 28004 has max temps back to 1896 : 1896-1901 + 1903-1905 = 32.84C ACORN catalogue: There are no clearly documented moves at the original manual site although the screen was replaced on a number of occasions (October 1926, July 1988 and September 1994). The same observer performed observations for 63 years from 1936 to 1999, and was the area’s sole remaining resident during the later part of that period. Observations did not resume until the automatic station was commissioned. The automatic weather station was installed in mid-2000, 160 m south-east of the former site, but did not begin transmitting data until July 2001. 1991-2000 averaged 33.14C and post AWS 2002-2011 averaged 32.95C (five years missing pre and two years missing post 2001 so not very accurate) Palmerville max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 17.19C / raw 19.04C 1964-20188 - ACORN 2.2 18.58C / raw 19.37C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.39C / raw warmed 0.33C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.24C / raw 0.01C Palmerville 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 19.10C / raw 19.10C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 17.98C / raw 19.45C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.99% / raw - 67.82% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 16.34% / raw - 42.45% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 16.77C in ACORN 2.2 and 19.10C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 19.06C in ACORN 2.2 and 19.06C in raw Palmerville 28004 has min temps back to 1896 : 1896-1901 + 1903-1905 = 18.54C 1991-2000 averaged 19.51C and post AWS 2002-2011 averaged 19.14C (five years missing pre and two years missing post 2001 so not very accurate) Palmerville min Excel spreadsheets Richmond (Qld)
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 32.85C / raw 32.61C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 33.02C / raw 33.09C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.17C / raw warmed 0.48C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.10C / raw 0.03C Richmond 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 33.51C / raw 33.28C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 32.65C / raw 32.83C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.17% / raw - 59.58% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.56% / raw - 20.58% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 32.65C in ACORN 2.2 and 33.19C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 33.79C in ACORN 2.2 and 33.66C in raw Richmond 30045 has annual max temps back to 1893: 1893-1909 = 32.93C ACORN catalogue: The only known station move was one of 30 m in September 1965. New screens were known to have been supplied in December 1928 and September 1991; the screen in use in September 1944 was reported to have had an iron roof. An automatic weather station (030161) was installed at the airport, approximately 4 km north of the town, in 1998 and may eventually replace the existing site. Richmond max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 15.09C / raw 16.40C 1966-2020 - ACORN 2.2 16.68C / raw 17.32C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.59C / raw warmed 0.92C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.25C / raw 0.19C Richmond 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 17.12C / raw 17.75C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 16.04C / raw 16.72C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.23% / raw - 64.95% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.71% / raw - 20.07% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 14.80C in ACORN 2.2 and 15.98C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 17.38C in ACORN 2.2 and 17.92C in raw Richmond 30045 has annual min temps back to 1893: 1893-1909 = 16.17C Richmond min Excel spreadsheets Rockhampton
1940-1979 - ACORN 2.2 28.30C / raw 28.13C 1980-2020 - ACORN 2.2 28.82C / raw 28.77C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.52C / raw warmed 0.64C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.06C / raw 0.11C Rockhampton 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 29.09C / raw 29.09C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 28.26C / raw 28.16C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.40% / raw - 27.58% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.39% / raw - 13.01% The first decade, 1940-1949, averaged 28.64C in ACORN 2.2 and 28.29C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 29.25C in ACORN 2.2 and 29.25C in raw ACORN catalogue: The site has been operating since 1939. A site move (80 m northeast) took place on 1 April 1993; an automatic weather station was installed at this time and became the primary instrument on 1 November 1996. Prior to the opening of the airport site, observations were made at the Post Office (039082), but no daily data from this location have yet been digitised. 1986-1995 raw max averaged 28.53C and post AWS 1997-2006 averaged 28.98C Rockhampton max Excel spreadsheets
1940-1979 - ACORN 2.2 15.74C / raw 16.24C 1980-2020 - ACORN 2.2 17.16C / raw 17.26C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.42C / raw warmed 1.02C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.31C / raw 0.22C Rockhampton 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 17.44C / raw 17.44C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 16.27C / raw 16.71C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.05% / raw - 29.11% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.68% / raw - 11.67% The first decade, 1940-1949, averaged 15.43C in ACORN 2.2 and 16.04C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 17.62C in ACORN 2.2 and 17.62C in raw 1986-1995 raw min averaged 17.17C and post AWS 1997-2006 averaged 17.22C Rockhampton min Excel spreadsheets St George
1914-1966 - ACORN 2.2 27.17C / raw 27.46C 1967-2020 - ACORN 2.2 27.51C / raw 27.80C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.34C / raw warmed 0.34C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.09C / raw 0.05C St George 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 28.24C / raw 28.24C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 26.85C / raw 27.41C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.69% / raw - 56.99% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.43% / raw - 14.62% The first decade, 1914-1923, averaged 27.43C in ACORN 2.2 and 27.76C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 28.51C in ACORN 2.2 and 28.51C in raw ACORN catalogue: The original site (043034) was located at the rear of a building in the town centre. There is no evidence of any site moves between 1964 and 1997. There was a car park nearby in the later years of observations, and dense tree growth nearby after 1992, but this does not appear to have resulted in any artificial temperature trends at this location after 1940 (although minimum temperatures at the airport are substantially lower). The site closed in July 1997. The airport site (043109) began operating on 10 May 1997, providing no useful overlap with the town site. 1987-1996 raw max averaged 27.81C and post AWS 1998-2007 averaged 28.01C St George max Excel spreadsheets
1914-1966 - ACORN 2.2 12.33C / raw 13.35C 1967-2020 - ACORN 2.2 13.19C / raw 14.09C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.86C / raw warmed 0.74C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.14C / raw 0.07C St George 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 13.86C / raw 13.99C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 12.54C / raw 14.06C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.32% / raw - 62.70% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.25% / raw - 15.72% The first decade, 1914-1923, averaged 12.70C in ACORN 2.2 and 13.36C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 14.13C in ACORN 2.2 and 14.13C in raw 1987-1996 raw min averaged 14.35C and post AWS 1998-2007 averaged 13.89C St George min Excel spreadsheets Thargomindah
1957-1988 - ACORN 2.2 28.76C / raw 28.64C 1989-2020 - ACORN 2.2 29.42C / raw 29.44C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.66C / raw warmed 0.80C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.21C / raw 0.28C Thargomindah 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 29.75C / raw 29.75C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 28.71C / raw 28.61C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 16.55% / raw - 77.52% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 14.33% / raw - 22.56% The first decade, 1957-1966, averaged 28.76C in ACORN 2.2 and 28.39C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 30.24C in ACORN 2.2 and 30.24C in raw 45017 overlap with 45025 27 July 1999 to 11 March 2005 : 45017 30.25C / 45025 29.55C ACORN catalogue: The original site (045017) had been located at a number of closely-spaced sites within the Thargomindah township, moves having taken place on 14 July 1983 (75 m north) and 23 June 1994 (25 m southeast), although neither had a significant impact on the observations. Temperature measurements at the site are believed to have commenced in 1888 but data prior to 1957 are not currently digitised. The town site closed in 2005. The current site has been operating since 27 July 1999. 1990-1999 raw max averaged 28.92C and post AWS 2001-2010 averaged 29.47C Thargomindah max Excel spreadsheets
1957-1988 - ACORN 2.2 16.00C / raw 15.09C 1989-2020 - ACORN 2.2 16.53C / raw 16.00C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.53C / raw warmed 0.91C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.17C / raw 0.30C Thargomindah 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 16.66C / raw 16.35C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 16.07C / raw 15.16C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.72% / raw - 75.76% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.78% / raw - 21.59% The first decade, 1957-1966, averaged 15.60C in ACORN 2.2 and 14.69C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 16.67C in ACORN 2.2 and 16.51C in raw 45017 overlap with 45025 27 July 1999 to 12 March 2005 : 45017 15.66C / 45025 16.16C 1990-1999 raw min averaged 15.32C and post AWS 2001-2010 averaged 16.25C Thargomindah min Excel spreadsheets Townsville
1941-1980 - ACORN 2.2 28.91C / raw 28.62C 1981-2020 - ACORN 2.2 29.40C / raw 29.28C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.49C / raw warmed 0.66C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.10C / raw 0.12C Townsville 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 29.47C / raw 29.47C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 29.13C / raw 28.78C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 16.98% / raw - 25.14% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.41% / raw - 10.86% The first decade, 1941-1950, averaged 28.74C in ACORN 2.2 and 28.58C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 29.53C in ACORN 2.2 and 29.53C in raw ACORN catalogue: Observations have been made at Townsville Airport since 1942. There are no documented moves until one of 200 m northeast on 8 December 1994, at which time an automatic weather station was installed. Observations at the new site were made under the original number, while the old site continued until December 2000 under the station number 032178. 1985-1994 raw max averaged 29.06C and post AWS 1996-2005 averaged 29.51C Townsville max Excel spreadsheets
1941-1980 - ACORN 2.2 19.57C / raw 19.47C 1981-2020 - ACORN 2.2 20.43C / raw 20.25C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.86C / raw warmed 0.78C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.21C / raw 0.17C Townsville 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 20.46C / raw 20.26C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 20.05C / raw 19.91C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.45% / raw - 27.20% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.17% / raw - 11.74% The first decade, 1941-1950, averaged 18.99C in ACORN 2.2 and 19.26C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 20.37C in ACORN 2.2 and 20.37C in raw 1985-1994 raw min averaged 20.33C and post AWS 1996-2005 averaged 20.14C Townsville min Excel spreadsheets Weipa
1959-1989 - ACORN 2.2 32.58C / raw 32.30C 1990-2020 - ACORN 2.2 32.87C / raw 32.79C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.29C / raw warmed 0.49C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.08C / raw 0.14C Weipa 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 32.92C / raw 32.92C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 32.60C / raw 32.33C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 15.19% / raw - 60.17% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.80% / raw - 14.15% The first decade, 1959-1968, averaged 32.54C in ACORN 2.2 and 32.21C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 32.98C in ACORN 2.2 and 32.98C in raw 27042 overlap with 27045 6 November 1992 to 28 February 1994 : 27042 32.50C / 27045 32.43C ACORN catalogue: The original site (027042) was within the town area, although it is unclear from documentation where the original site was. It moved on 12 May 1972 to a location in Eastern Avenue, and continued until February 1994. The current site started making temperature observations in December 1992. An automatic weather station was in place at this location throughout and became the primary instrument on 1 November 1996. The instrument enclosure was realigned in late 2000 or early 2001, but it appears that no actual relocation took place. 1986-1995 raw max averaged 32.60C and post AWS 1997-2006 averaged 32.77C
1959-1989 - ACORN 2.2 21.69C / raw 21.75C 1990-2020 - ACORN 2.2 21.99C / raw 21.96C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.30C / raw warmed 0.21C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.21C / raw 0.19C Weipa 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 22.09C / raw 22.02C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 21.75C / raw 21.82C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.68% / raw - 56.81% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.00% / raw - 13.25% The first decade, 1959-1968, averaged 21.09C in ACORN 2.2 and 21.19C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 22.11C in ACORN 2.2 and 22.11C in raw 27042 overlap with 27045 6 November 1992 to 28 February 1994 : 27042 22.19C / 27045 21.91C 1986-1995 raw min averaged 21.87C and post AWS 1997-2006 averaged 21.85C
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